Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry:
Course Content
Classification of organic compounds
Isomerism
Learning Outcomes:
Define organic chemistry and organic compounds, Classify organic compounds on
structural basis, Explain that organic compounds are also synthesized in the
laboratory, Define functional group, Explain isomerism and its types.
Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
Open chain and closed chain hydrocarbons, Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes
and alkynes,
Benzene: Properties, structure, modern representation, reactions, resonance
method, electrophilic substitution, The molecular orbital treatment of
benzene,
Learning Outcomes:
Classify hydrocarbons as aliphatic and aromatic, Describe nomenclature of
alkanes,
Define free radical initiation, propagation and termination, Describe the
mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes exemplified by methane and
ethane, Explain the IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes, Explain the shape of
ethene molecule in terms of sigma and pi C-C bonds, Describe the structure
and reactivity of alkenes as exemplified by ethene, Define and explain with
suitable examples the terms isomerism and structural isomerism, Explain
dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of RX for the preparation of
ethene,
Describe the chemistry of alkenes by the following reactions of ethene:
Hydrogenation, hydrohalogenation, hydration, halogenation, halohydration,
polymerization.
Explain the shape of the benzene molecule (molecular orbital treatment),
Define resonance, resonance energy and relative stability, Compare the
reactivity of benzene with alkanes and alkenes, Describe addition reactions
of benzene and methylbenzene, Describe the mechanism
of electrophilic substitution in benzene, Discuss chemistry of benzene and
methyl benzene by nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedal Craft’s
alkylation and acylation,
Apply the knowledge of positions of substituents in the electrophilic
substitution of benzene,
Use the IUPAC naming system for alkynes, Compare the reactivity of alkynes
with alkanes, alkenes and arenes, Describe the preparation of alkynes using
elimination reactions,
Describe acidity of alkynes, Discuss chemistry of alkynes by hydrogenation,
hydrohalogenation, and hydration, Describe and differentiate between
substitution and addition reactions.
Alkyl Halides
Classification of alkyl halides
Nomenclature
Reactions
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reaction SN1, SN2, E1 and E2
reaction
Learning Outcomes:
Name alkyl halides using IUPAC system, Discuss the structure and reactivity
of RX, Describe
the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions, Describe the
mechanism
and types of elimination reactions.
Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols
Classification: Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
Nomenclature
Reactivity
Phenols:
Physical properties
Nomenclature
Acidity
Reactivity
Learning Outcomes:
Explain nomenclature and structure of alcohols, Explain the reactivity of
alcohols,
Describe the chemistry of alcohols by preparation of ethers and esters,
Explain the nomenclature and structure of phenols, Discuss the reactivity of
phenol and their chemistry by electrophilic aromatic substitution,
Differentiate between an alcohol and phenol.
